Description:

In order to protect the connection of an Advanced VPN Client against unauthorized access (e.g. if the end device is stolen), it makes sense to provide it with a password, which must be entered before the VPN connection can be established. Until now it was only possible to use a static password. If attackers can find this out, access via Advanced VPN Client would be possible again.

It is therefore worthwhile to use temporary passwords as an additional factor. This can be implemented for a LANCOM router and the Advanced VPN Client by means of EAP OTP (Extensible Authentication Protocol – One Time Password). To this end, an OTP user is created on the router and connected to an authenticator app. The router and the authenticator app periodically generate a one-time password based on the password and the current time (OTP). The router then compares the password entered by the authenticator app with the one that was generated. If these match, the VPN connection is established. 

This article describes how to set up a VPN connection from the Advanced VPN Client for macOS to a LANCOM router with two-factor authentication (IKEv2-EAP-OTP).

Requirements:

• LANCOM router with at least 25 VPN licenses (Central-Site gateway, 19xx series router or LANCOM router with the VPN 25 Option)
• Advanced VPN Client for macOS as of version 4.7x
• LCOS as of version 10.70 REL (download latest version)
• LANtools as of version 10.70 REL (download latest version)
• Authenticator app for Android or iOS (e.g. Google Authenticator or Microsoft Authenticator)

Scenario:

To establish an Advanced VPN Client connection to a router, a one-time password (OTP) should be generated, which is displayed in an authenticator app and must be entered when starting the VPN connection.

Procedure:

1) Activate the CA and create the certificates on the router using Smart Certificate:

1.1) In LANconfig, open the configuration for the router, navigate to the menu Certificates → Cert. authority (CA) and set a checkmark next to Certificate authority (CA) active.

Then write the configuration back to the router.

1.2) Open the web interface of the router and switch to the menu item Setup Wizards → Manage certificates.

1.3) Click on Create new certificate.

1.4) Adjust the following parameters, click on Enroll (PKCS # 12) and save the certificate:

• Profile name: From the drop-down menu, select VPN.
• Common name (CN): Enter a descriptive common name (in this example VPN-Gateway).
• Validity period: Enter a validity period that is as long as possible (in this example 10 years).
• Password: Enter a password used to encrypt the certificate. 

1.5) In the web interface, change to the menu Extras → File management → Upload Certificate or File.

1.6) Modify the following parameters and then click Start upload:

• File Type: Select an unused VPN container from the drop-down menu (in this example the VPN - Container (VPN1)).
• File Name/Location: Select the certificate created in step 1.4.
• Passphrase: Enter the password set in step 1.4.

2) Set up the IKEv2-EAP connection on the LANCOM router:

2.1) Open the configuration of the router in LANconfig, switch to the menu VPN → General and set the drop-down menu for Virtual Private Network to Activated.

2.2) Switch to the menu VPN → IKEv2/IPsec → Authentication.

2.3) Add a new Authentication profile.

2.4) Enter the following parameters:

• Name: Enter a descriptive name.
• Local authentication: From the drop-down menu, select RSA signature.
• Local identifier type: From the drop-down menu, select ASN.1 Distinguished Name.
• Local identifier: Enter the common name set in step 1.4 (in this example CN=VPN-Gateway).
• Remote authentication: From the drop-down menu, select EAP.
• Local certificate: From the drop-down menu, select the VPN container assigned in step 1.6.

2.5) Switch to the menu VPN → IKEv2/IPsec → IPv4 addresses.

2.6) Adjust the following parameters to create a new IPv4 address pool:

• Name: Enter a descriptive name.
• First address: Enter the first IP address from an address pool. An IP address from this pool will be assigned to the VPN client when it dials in.
• Last address: Enter the last IP address from an address pool. An IP address from this pool will be assigned to the VPN client when it dials in.

2.7) Switch to the menu VPN → IKEv2/IPsec → Extended settings.

2.8) Go to the menu RADIUS server.

2.9) Create a new entry and adjust the following parameters:

• Name: Enter a descriptive name.
• Server address: Enter the loopback address 127.0.0.1.
• Port: Check that the port is set to 1812.
• Protocols: Check that the protocol is set to RADIUS.

2.10) Navigate to the menu VPN → IKEv2/IPsec → Connection list.

2.11) Edit the existing DEFAULT entry.

2.12) Enter the following parameters:

• Authentication: From the drop-down menu, select the authentication profile created in step 2.4.
• IPv4 rules: From the drop-down menu, select the predefined object RAS-WITH-CONFIG-PAYLOAD.
• IKE-CFG: From the drop-down menu, select Server.
• IPv4 address pool: From the drop-down menu, select the IP address pool created in step 2.6.
• RADIUS auth. server: From the drop-down menu, select the RADIUS object created in step 2.9.

2.13) This concludes the configuration of the VPN connection.

3) Configuring the RADIUS and OTP settings on the router:

3.1) Go to the menu RADIUS → Server and enable the option RADIUS authentication active. 

3.2) Go to the menu RADIUS → Server → EAP.

3.3) In the drop-down menu Default method select the option OTP.

3.4) Go to the menu RADIUS → Server → User table.

3.5) Create a new entry and adjust the following parameters:

• Name / MAC address: Enter the user name for the VPN user.
• Password: Enter the password for the VPN user.
• Protocol restriction for authentication: Remove all protocols except EAP.
• Expiry type: From the drop-down menu, select the option Never so that the VPN user remains valid permanently.

3.6) Go to the menu RADIUS → Server → OTP user accounts.

3.7) Create a new OTP user account and modify the following parameters:

• Username: From the drop-down menu, select the name of the user account created in step 3.5.

• Hash algorithm: From the drop-down menu, select the option SHA1.

• Time step: This parameter is the interval after which a new OTP token is generated. Leave the setting at the default value of 30 seconds.  
• Network delay: This parameter specifies the number of time steps by which the clock of the end device with the authenticator app may deviate from the time of the router. The router then also checks the OTPs before and after. Leave this setting at the default value of 1 (i.e. OTPs are checked 30 seconds before and after). 
• Secret: Enter a 16-digit password. This should contain capital letters and numbers between 2 - 7 only (see RFC3548). The password is encoded in Base32 and shared with the authenticator. 
• Issuer: Enter a descriptive name for the issuer (in this example LANCOM-OTP).
• Number digits: Leave the setting at the default value of 6 characters. 

4) Exporting the CA certificate from the LANCOM router and importing it into the Advanced VPN Client:

4.1) Connect to the web interface of the LANCOM router, switch to the menu Extras → Download current CA certificate and save the certificate.

4.2) Copy the certificate to the computer that is to establish the VPN connection and save it to the directory /Library/Application Support/NCP/Secure Client/cacerts.

4.3) Start the Advanced VPN Client and navigate to the menu Connection → View Certificates.

4.4) Check whether the Advanced VPN Client recognized the certificate.

5) Setting up an IKEv2-EAP-OTP connection with the Advanced VPN Client:

5.1) In the Advanced VPN Client, navigate to the menu Configuration → Profiles.

5.2) Click on the + button to create a new VPN connection.

5.3) Enter a descriptive Profile Name.

5.4) Under Gateway (Tunnel Endpoint) enter the public IP address or the DNS name of the router.

5.5) Enter the following parameters:

• Exchange Mode: From the drop-down menu, select IKEv2.
• PFS Group: From the drop-down menu, select DH16 (modp4096).

5.6) Authentication via EAP-OTP cannot be configured in the wizard, so this must be done manually at a later stage. Click Next without making changes. 

5.7) For the IP address assignment select the drop-down menu entry IKE Config Mode. This allows the Advanced VPN Client to obtain an IP address from the router when dialing in via VPN.

5.8) Then click Finish.

5.9) Mark the VPN profile created in the steps 5.1 – 5.10 and click Edit.

5.10) In the Split Tunneling menu, enter the destination network to which the VPN connection should be established. This ensures that only the data traffic destined for the destination network is routed over the VPN tunnel.

5.11) Go to the tab IPsec General Settings and set the IKEv2 Authentication to EAP.

5.12) Switch to the Identities tab and enter the user name of the RADIUS user as the Local Identity and also the OTP user name as the user ID for the EAP Authentication.

5.13) This concludes the configuration of the VPN connection in the Advanced VPN Client. Confirm the manually entered changes by clicking on OK.

6) Add the VPN OTP user in the authenticator app:

6.1) Use WEBconfig to connect to the router and navigate to the menu Extras → EAP-OTP users.

6.2) Next to the user, click the “eye” icon to view the QR code.

6.3) Scan the QR code with an authenticator app. OTP codes are now generated and displayed in the app.

Thank you for your feedback! You can also send us constructive suggestions for improving our knowledge base or ideas for new articles by email to knoweldgebase@lancom.de.